Bad Breath

Bad breath is usually caused by problems associated with the mouth, teeth and gums. However, bad breath can sometimes be a symptom of systemic health problems.

The most common causes of bad breath are:

Poor oral hygiene: Plaque and tartar build-up, tooth decay, gum disease and gum infections can cause bad breath. As a result of the growth of bacteria in the mouth and the breakdown of food residues, sulphur compounds are released and a bad odour occurs.

Gum diseases: Gingivitis (gingivitis) and periodontitis (gum disease) can cause inflammation and infection of the gums. In this case, bacteria are likely to multiply in the mouth and cause bad odour.

Dry mouth : Insufficient saliva production in the mouth can cause bad breath. Saliva controls bacterial growth in the mouth and reduces bad odour. Dry mouth can be caused by certain medications, dysfunction of the salivary glands, mouth breathing, systemic diseases or other factors that reduce salivation.

Dental caries and infections: Active cavities and dental infections can be a source of bad odour. Bacteria in decayed or infected teeth can cause bad breath.

Sinus infections Sinus infections, such as sinusitis, can cause discharge from the nose and throat to come backwards into the mouth. This can lead to bad breath.

Other health problems: In rare cases, systemic health problems can lead to bad breath. For example, digestive system problems, kidney or liver diseases, diabetes, acid reflux may be associated with bad breath.

Bad breath can usually be controlled by good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. The following measures can help to reduce bad breath:

Regular and effective tooth brushing: It is important to reduce plaque build-up by brushing your teeth at least twice a day. It may also be helpful to brush your tongue or use a tongue cleaner.

Flossing: It is important to floss regularly to remove food debris and plaque that accumulate between the teeth.

Cleaning the tongue Bacteria on the surface of the tongue can cause bad odour. Cleaning your tongue with a tongue cleaner can reduce the formation of bad odours.

Regular dental check-ups: Regular check-ups with your dentist are important to check the health of your teeth and gums and to detect potential problems early.

Preventing dry mouth: Drinking plenty of water, avoiding sugary drinks, avoiding tobacco products and using mouth moisturisers can reduce dry mouth.

If bad breath becomes a persistent problem and does not improve with basic measures, it is important to consult a dentist or an otolaryngologist.